Like most Hindu holidays and festivals, there is no one explanation, merely a number of different legends.
http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Singapore/Story/A1Story20090213-121728.html
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Thaipusam
It it said that the devotees go into a trance and therefore can't feel the pain of the piercings or their burden. I didn't see any blood.
Here on the the kavadis is being assembled. These guys are mostly Tamils. Most Tamils come from Southern India or Sri Lanka. There are well over 100,000 Tamils in Singapore. It's the 4th largest Tamil community behind India (61 million), Sri Lanka (3 million) and Malaysia (1 million).
This man calmly sits with a skewer poked through his cheeks.
Each of these wires is attached to the guy with a pin that looks like a fish hook.
The top of one of the kadavis - lots of feathers, a garland and lord Ganesha and Shiva.
Another one gets strapped on. The devotees are getting ready to walk about 4 miles and let me tell you it's always pretty hot and humid here and that day was no exception.
More elaborate kadavis.
Each devotee goes through a prayer ceremony before donning his kadavi.

Special ash is placed on his forehead and chest.
Another man waits as decorations are applied.

It's a very frenetic scene at the temple as hundreds of devotees get ready, leave and others come in. The festivities take place over a 24 hour period and there are not too many lulls. 8000 participated in Singapore and the streets were lined with 10s or thousands of spectators.

After leaving the temple I found a place on the street to watch the procession. Each devotee has his group of family and friends. Some playing instruments, some carrying supplies. Te guys don't look to be suffering but they must be.
I'm not sure if he is in a trance but he is focused.
Here are two guys with limes attached to their backs by piercings.

Each kadavi is unique.

This guy was wearing sandals made from wood with nails, face up, under his feet. Try to do that for 5 miles.
There were a few women amongst the devotees. This one was carrying a kadavi. the minimal burden allowed is a pot of milk. Even carrying a pot of milk on one's head for five miles in the Singapore heat would be no picnic.
Special ash is placed on his forehead and chest.
It's a very frenetic scene at the temple as hundreds of devotees get ready, leave and others come in. The festivities take place over a 24 hour period and there are not too many lulls. 8000 participated in Singapore and the streets were lined with 10s or thousands of spectators.
Each kadavi is unique.
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